I don't know WHY some responders assume that a factoring expression is necessarily associated with the solutions to equation.
As I read this problem, we're asked to find an expression that is equivalent to
16x<SUP>2</SUP> + 36x + 9
Do the three terms have a common factor? If they do, removing that common factor would be the first step in factoring the expression. But, there is no common factor in this case.
Next, one might try the "a*c" approach. Multiply the coefficient of the x<SUP>2</SUP> term by the constant term. 16*9 = 144
Look for two factors of 144 which add up to the coefficient of the middle term, + 36.
Possible factors of 144:
144*1
72*2
36*4
18*8
9*16
3*48
Since none of these factor pairs add up to 36, then this trinomial is "prime" over the set of integers.