Although your answer is correct, I believe your work is based on an assumption that is not necessarily correct.
If I understand correctly, you are ASSUMING that the radius of the smaller circle is 6 feet. Based on this ASSUMPTION, you can ASSUME that x=12 feet.
In order to prove this, we know that the diameter of the inner circle is "x". We also know the diameter of the outer circle is "twice the diameter " of the inner circle, or 2x.
We can also express the diameter of the outer circle as "x + 6 + 6".
We now have two two different ways to express the diameter of the outer circle. They equal each other, so we can state that
2x = x + 6 + 6
2x = x + 12
2x - x = x + 12 -x
x = 12
This confirms that the diameter of the inner circle is 12 feet.