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There are a few different ways to prove Heron's formula.
HERE are google search results.
THIS PAGE provides a concise proof using some basic trigonometric identities.
The area of the shaded region in exercise 2 is obtained by subtracting the area of the circular sector from the area of the triangle.
Have you learned yet how to use the formula for calculating the area of a circular segment? You'll need to first determine the central angle.
In exercise 3, they've given you the base and hypotenuse of a right triangle. Use the Pythagorean formula to get the height. After you have an expression for the height, use the famous formula for the area of a triangle to finish.
Not sure what else to say, at this point. If you would like more help, please be specific. Cheers :cool: