Solving equations using compound angle indentities

jonnburton

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Dec 16, 2012
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155
I've spend a good deal of time today trying to solve some problems in this section of my book, with little success. The easier examples are fairly straightforward for me to see the identity in question and reach a solution but as they get more difficult I often don't really know how to proceed.


This is an example of a question I've been working on and how I approached it. To be honest, I think I am just 'stabbing in the dark' when I begin these problems and just start re-arranging things in the hope that an identity becomes apparent. But no matter how much I fiddled around with this, I simply can't see how to deal with it.



Solve the equation \(\displaystyle cos x sin \frac{\pi}{3} + sin x cos\frac {\pi}{3} = \frac{1}{4}\)

(as an aside, my first thought was this appears to be of the form \(\displaystyle sin (A + B) = sinAcosB+ cosA sin B\) but this doesn't seem to lead anywhere).

The other thing I noticed was that \(\displaystyle \frac{1}{4} = sin \frac{\frac{\pi}{3}}{2}\)



\(\displaystyle cos x sin \frac{\pi}{3} + sin x cos\frac {\pi}{3} = sin \frac{\frac{\pi}{3}}{2}\)

Then I thought dividing all terms by \(\displaystyle cos\frac{\pi}{3} sin\frac{\pi}{3}\) would help bring the x's to one side:

\(\displaystyle \frac{cos x}{cos\frac{\pi}{3}} + \frac{sin x}{cos\frac{\pi}{3}} = \frac{sin\frac{\pi}{3}}{2 (cos\frac{\pi}{3} sin\frac{\pi}{3})}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{cosx + sinx}{cos\frac{\pi}{3}sin\frac{\pi}{3}} = \frac{1}{2} \frac{sin \frac{\pi}{3}}{(cos\frac{\pi}{3} sin\frac{\pi}{3})}\)

Multiplying both sides by 2:

\(\displaystyle \frac{2 cos x + 2 sin x}{ cos\frac{\pi}{3} sin\frac{\pi}{3}} = \frac{sin \frac{\pi}{3}}{(cos\frac{\pi}{3} sin\frac{\pi}{3})}\)

Now the denominator is the same so:

\(\displaystyle 2 cos x + 2 sin x = sin{\pi}{3}\)



If this is correct, I still can't see how the equation can be solved (however, it is the closest I've managed to get to a solution).

I would be very grateful for any pointers anyone might be able to give on this.
 
I've spend a good deal of time today trying to solve some problems in this section of my book, with little success. The easier examples are fairly straightforward for me to see the identity in question and reach a solution but as they get more difficult I often don't really know how to proceed.


This is an example of a question I've been working on and how I approached it. To be honest, I think I am just 'stabbing in the dark' when I begin these problems and just start re-arranging things in the hope that an identity becomes apparent. But no matter how much I fiddled around with this, I simply can't see how to deal with it.



Solve the equation \(\displaystyle cos x sin \frac{\pi}{3} + sin x cos\frac {\pi}{3} = \frac{1}{4}\)

(as an aside, my first thought was this appears to be of the form \(\displaystyle sin (A + B) = sinAcosB+ cosA sin B\) but this doesn't seem to lead anywhere).

The other thing I noticed was that \(\displaystyle \frac{1}{4} = sin \frac{\frac{\pi}{3}}{2}\) ===> Not sure where you came up with this!



\(\displaystyle cos x sin \frac{\pi}{3} + sin x cos\frac {\pi}{3} = sin \frac{\frac{\pi}{3}}{2}\)

Then I thought dividing all terms by \(\displaystyle cos\frac{\pi}{3} sin\frac{\pi}{3}\) would help bring the x's to one side:

\(\displaystyle \frac{cos x}{cos\frac{\pi}{3}} + \frac{sin x}{cos\frac{\pi}{3}} = \frac{sin\frac{\pi}{3}}{2 (cos\frac{\pi}{3} sin\frac{\pi}{3})}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{cosx + sinx}{cos\frac{\pi}{3}sin\frac{\pi}{3}} = \frac{1}{2} \frac{sin \frac{\pi}{3}}{(cos\frac{\pi}{3} sin\frac{\pi}{3})}\)

Multiplying both sides by 2:

\(\displaystyle \frac{2 cos x + 2 sin x}{ cos\frac{\pi}{3} sin\frac{\pi}{3}} = \frac{sin \frac{\pi}{3}}{(cos\frac{\pi}{3} sin\frac{\pi}{3})}\)

Now the denominator is the same so:

\(\displaystyle 2 cos x + 2 sin x = sin{\pi}{3}\)



If this is correct, I still can't see how the equation can be solved (however, it is the closest I've managed to get to a solution).

I would be very grateful for any pointers anyone might be able to give on this.

Your first instinct was correct.

\(\displaystyle sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)

Thus:

\(\displaystyle x+\dfrac{\pi}{3}=sin^{-1}\left(\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)

\(\displaystyle x=sin^{-1}\left(\dfrac{1}{4}\right)-\dfrac{\pi}{3}\)
 
Thank you srmichael, so I was heading down completely the wrong track anyway..!

Your first instinct was correct.

\(\displaystyle sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)

Thus:

\(\displaystyle x+\dfrac{\pi}{3}=sin^{-1}\left(\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)

\(\displaystyle x=sin^{-1}\left(\dfrac{1}{4}\right)-\dfrac{\pi}{3}\)
 
Solve the equation \(\displaystyle cos x sin \frac{\pi}{3} + sin x cos\frac {\pi}{3} = \frac{1}{4}\)

(as an aside, my first thought was this appears to be of the form \(\displaystyle sin (A + B) = sinAcosB+ cosA sin B\) but this doesn't seem to lead anywhere).

From the solution provided by Sir Michel, you see that this was the correct path!!

The other thing I noticed was that \(\displaystyle \frac{1}{4} = sin \frac{\frac{\pi}{3}}{2}\)

You mean:

\(\displaystyle \displaystyle \frac{1}{4} \ = \ \frac{sin(\frac{\pi}{3})}{2}\)


.

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Did your problem give you the domain of solution - like - 0≤ x ≤ 2π ?

Yes, it was between 0≤ x ≤ 2π

As x = - 0.795, this particular value is outside the domain.

But 2π - 0.795 = 5.49

Looking at the symmetry of the sin graph, I would have said the other point within the domain was π + 0.795 = 3.94

However, the books other solution is 1.84.
 
Yes, it was between 0≤ x ≤ 2π

As x = - 0.795, this particular value is outside the domain.

But 2π - 0.795 = 5.49

Looking at the symmetry of the sin graph, I would have said the other point within the domain was π + 0.795 = 3.94

However, the books other solution is 1.84.

If you punched in \(\displaystyle sin^{-1}\left(\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\) into a calculator, it will give you an answer of 0.253 radians as the range on inverse sine functions is from \(\displaystyle \left[-\dfrac{\pi}{2},\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right]\). However, since your problem wants all angles between 0 and 2π, then π - 0.253 = 2.889 is also an angle that satisfies the inverse sine of 1/4. Thus, 2.889 - π/3 = 1.84
 
Thanks srmichael. It sems I must have been doing things in the wrong order when trying to find the other angle. I need to think about that...

If you punched in \(\displaystyle sin^{-1}\left(\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\) into a calculator, it will give you an answer of 0.253 radians as the range on inverse sine functions is from \(\displaystyle \left[-\dfrac{\pi}{2},\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right]\). However, since your problem wants all angles between 0 and 2π, then π - 0.253 = 2.889 is also an angle that satisfies the inverse sine of 1/4. Thus, 2.889 - π/3 = 1.84
 
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