There are several lessons you need to have learned to solve these. I have no idea what you forgot.
You could search at google.com for keywords "solve triangle angle side" and look over a few links until you find a page that you understand.
On Question #2, the triangle has symmetry because two of its angles have the same measure. In other words, if you cut the 70-degree angle in half by drawing a line from its vertex to the opposite side, then you would have two identical right triangles. What does this tell you about the relationship between the two sides?
Write an equation, and solve it for x.
While you're at it, you might need to do a search on the Pythagorean Theorm. That's what you need to write an equation for Question #1.
It's a right triangle.
You've been given expressions for the length of each side.
The Pythagorean Theorem provides a relationship between the three sides.
Use the Pythagorean Theorem and the lengths to write an equation.
Use algebra to solve the equation for x.
If you need help, then please show your work and ask specific questions so we know why you're stuck.
Note to papercup:
on 2nd problem (since 2 angles equal as Mark told you), then you have an isosceles triangle,
and the 2 corresponding sides are equal; so you can right away use given information:
3x - 8 = 2x + 4
x = 12
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